Shifters

Three decades ago, SRAM was founded on a product called Grip Shift and an idea that shifting a bike should be easier, better and more intuitive. It’s more advanced than the original, but the XX1 Eagle Grip Shift follows in the same tradition of making shifting easier, better and more intuitive. The XX1 Eagle Grip Shift system includes robust internals that make it more durable and its shifting performance more precise. But just like the original, it is total control in the palm of your hand.

Compatible with Shimano mountain 11-speed derailleurs, XCD Xpress+ shifters are jam-packed with bearings for slick shifting action. The bearings are bikes' best friends, and when they meet with shifters, the result is minimal loss in transferring force from your fingertip into shift cables. - Trigger-style shifting action - Cold forged body for minimalistic design - 4 bearings for smooth shifting action - Includes shift cables - Compatible with Shimano 11-speed mountain systems

- Indexed replacement twist shifters for triple chainring drivetrains - Shimano-compatible (2 to 1 ratio) - Shimano Equivalent: SL-RS45 / SL-RS35

SRAM's NX trigger shifter with X-ACTUATION technology gives you sharp, dependable shifting. Built for precise and swift shifting across SRAM's wide range 11-speed cassette, the NX trigger shifter brings industry changing technology to everyone. - X-ACTUATION for precise and dependable 11-speed performance - Fully compatible with all SRAM 1x drivetrains - Weight: 142 grams - Speeds: 1 x 11 - Colors: Black

Changing gears is a snap with the Acolyte shifter. Discrete thumb and index levers and a crystal clear gear indicator simplify shifting decisions, making each action and reaction easy to understand. And, of course, it retains the light action and positive indexing that microSHIFT has made its name on. - Ergonomic trigger placement - Clear and easy to read indicator

SRAM's X0 shifters are an absolute must for riders who desire and deserve the best. The adjustable clamp and levers allow you to custom tune the shifters for one-finger, ergonomic gear changes that are near telepathic. Crafted with lightweight aluminum, the X0s are super light and race-ready, yet they're also built tough to handle all your off-road endeavors.

SRAM's X4 shifters feature Exact Actuation 1:1 cable pull ratios for precise, dependable shifting. They deliver SRAM's proven ergonomics and excellent performance at a great price.

The SL-700 Trigger Shifters maintain the legacy of SRAM Road shifting performance in a flat bar design. 11-speed Exact Actuation provides crisp, dependable shifting and is compatible with SRAM’s 2x11-speed road components (sold separately). • Left (front): 2-speed • Right (rear): 11-speed

Get sharp, dependable X-Actuation shifting with SRAM's GX 2x11 Front Trigger Shifter. This left-side front shifter is compatible with SRAM’s GX 2x11-speed components (sold separately) and brings championship technology to everyone. • Dedicated 2-speed front trigger shifter • Multi-position mounting • Discreet clamp • Aluminum pull lever • MatchMaker X compatible • Weight: 122 grams

SRAM's X5 shifters feature Exact Actuation 1:1 cable pull ratios for precise, dependable shifting. Crafted with lightweight aluminum, the X5s are built tough to handle all your off-road endeavors.

SRAM's Centra Twist Shifters are simple to use and offer solid shifting and reliable construction. They feature a large ergonomic grip section and SRAM's 1:1 actuation for solid shifts. Plus, with a simple twist of the wrist, you can shift a handful of gears at once.

Designed for the most discerning, performance obsessed riders, SRAM's GX 2x11 Rear Grip Shifter features weight-saving construction and delivers outstanding speed and precision. SRAM's X-Actuation gives you precise and dependable 11-speed performance. This right-side rear shifter is compatible with SRAM's GX 11-speed derailleurs and cassettes. • Full metal, 11-speed indexing keeps shifting crisp and precise with Grip Shift • Three rows of ball bearings provide zero friction or play—reducing the force needed to shift and promoting long-term performance under all weather conditions with Grip Shift • Once the Grip Shift shifter and grip interlock securely, forged aluminum clamps on either end reinforce the assembly by locking tightly to handlebar • Weight: 144 grams

Precise and easy to use, SRAM's Apex 1 flat bar shifter places a wide range of available gears right at your fingertip. - Exact Actuation technology for precise and dependable 11-speed performance - Weight: 142 grams - Speeds: 1 x 11 - Recommend Group: SRAM Apex 1 - Color: Black

Imagination is the only limitation to how much the microSHIFT bar-end shifters can do. Their small, minimalistic designs are packed with precision machined mechanism that allows you to shift accurately with either index or friction mode. Go on any adventure without worries for mechanical issues. - Includes shift cables

The TR12 drivetrain system is the result of an intimate development relationship with 5x DH World Cup Overall Champion, Aaron Gwin, and his personal mechanic, John Hall. From start to finish, the project spanned more than two full years of conceptualizing to achieve this high-performance design. DERAILLEUR The new TR12 rear derailleur is able to provide a quiet and accurate ride over the roughest trails. The key feature to this pursuit is the Hall Lock. During the Race season, lead mechanic for Intense Factory Racing, John Hall, noticed excessive movement around the B-knuckle when riding over rough rock gardens and in tracked out corners. This was leading to more chain skipping and slapping creating possible variances in shifting. This inspired John's idea to lock the B-knuckle to the bike's derailleur hanger. TRP engineers worked closely with Hall to create this feature, The Hall Lock. - Hall Lock - G-Spec Ratchet Clutch - G-Spec finishing touches - Carbon fiber cage & upper link - Extra-wide parallelogram pivot - Sealed cartridge bearing pulleys SHIFTER Ergonomics are key to Aaron, which is why he wanted something a little different. As a result, TRP engineers looked at the cable release lever's ergonomics and devised a system to move it in a linear path to mimic the motion of a rider's thumb, rather than rotating it away. This unique positioning allows for a more consistent contact patch providing overall better grip and shifting performance when the trail gets rowdy. - Shift levers designed and located for optimum performance by Aaron Gwin - New linear actuation for improved ergonomics and consistent thumb contact - Enhanced grip & tactile feel built into lever paddles: embossed grooves on advance and release lever - Carbon fiber upper housing & advance lever position with brake lever - Ball bearing equipped - 12 speed - Tool-free straight-lace cable changes - Rider-adjustable home position of lower lever with a 40-degree range

Three decades ago, SRAM was founded on a product called Grip Shift, and an idea that shifting a bike should be easier, better and more intuitive. It’s more advanced than the original, but the X01 Eagle Grip Shift follows in the same tradition of making shifting easier, better and more intuitive. The X01 Eagle Grip Shift system includes robust internals that make it more durable and its shifting performance more precise. But just like the original, it is total control in the palm of your hand.

Centaur Ergopower controls offer the same market-leading ergonomics found on leading professionals’ bikes, giving a secure grip in all conditions and ensuring optimal comfort for longer rides. The patented Campagnolo “1-lever-1-action” controls and the PowerShift mechanism guarantee crisp, accurate shifting, even under load. The PowerShift system allows the inclusion of a lever for EPS-style downshifting, ensuring great ergonomics and perfect control for the rider in all conditions. - Features 11-Speed Power-Shift shifting providing the ability to up shift 3 sprockets and down 1 - Composite lever body with alloy brake lever - Double curvature brake lever allows for engagement and modulation from any hand position - Includes genuine Campagnolo cables and housing - Vari-Cushion silicon hoods provide variable cushioning zones to optimize comfort,Grooved hoods allow water to drain away, improving grip in all conditions

It’s simple. It’s about performance. The pure shifting performance of Eagle AXS is the real difference maker. Shift under load, over the roughest terrain, uphill, without changing your grip on the bar. Eagle AXS changes your level of control on the bike when you’re under pressure and pushing hard into the red. But more than that, it changes your relationship with the bike. No cable, housing or wires to manage opened up design and engineering possibilities with the Eagle AXS controller. Helping us pioneer a completely new shifting experience with new ergonomic touchpoints that take just enough effort to press. Touchpoints that are totally customizable to your preferences, allowing you to choose which button does what through the AXS App. - Compatible with MatchMaker X - Eagle technology - Customize in-board and outboard shift options - Pairs with both XX1 and X01 Eagle AXS derailleurs - AXS enabled componentry software that makes it possible to both program and personalize new SRAM and RockShox components - System is completely water and dust proof to IP69K

Award-winning eTap shift logic, now with the connectivity of AXS. The SRAM RED eTap shift-brake levers build on this foundation while integrating our newest technologies. And, it offers many personalizations, from shifting sequence to brake lever reach. - AXS enabled for easy personalization - Simple and intuitive eTap shift logic - Customizable fit with Reach Adjust - Two ports for Blips on each lever - Large SRAM eTap paddles provide positive controls for rider input - For use with mechanical rim brakes

Imagination is the only limitation to how much the microSHIFT thumbies can do. Their small, minimalistic designs are packed with precision machined mechanism that allows you to shift accurately with either index or friction mode. Go on any adventure without worrying about mechanical issues. - Indexed or friction mode-convertible rear shifter - Indexed mode is compatible with Shimano mountain systems - Includes shift cable

Created for the specific demands of E-MTB, the XX1 Eagle Single Click shifter is for the dream E-build. It's designed to help eliminate premature chain wear and chain breaking by limiting the pull lever to a single engagement. With no detail spared, the carbon trigger and trigger cover save weight while gliding on precise, near-frictionless sealed cartridge bearings—you simply cannot find a better shifter for E-MTB. - E-MTB specific—limits the pull lever to a single engagement to help eliminate premature chain wear and chain breaking - Carbon trigger and cover reduce weight - Master XX1 Eagle group colorway to match all cassette and chain colors as part of Eagle Colorsystem

The newly redesigned Eagle AXS Rocker Paddle gives the rider a traditional, familiar interface for their cutting-edge electronic control. Effortless electronic shifting paired with a more traditional-feeling actuation makes for quick assimilation of riders who are new to AXS and provides another ergonomic option for those who have run AXS previously. The controller's functions are customizable through the AXS app, allowing you to assign any action to any button. With AXS, you can truly make your cockpit your own. - Customize in-board and outboard shift options - AXS-enabled components can be programmed and personalized using the SRAM AXS App.

The Box One multi shifter is the only shifter on the market that comes factory stock with a hinged (and machined) clamp. It's top of the line and comes packed with other features such as a durable cast aluminum pull lever and top shell. All Prime 9 shifters take advantage of the 9-speed's inherent durability, simplicity, and reliability. Not only is the shifter mechanism joyfully simplified, but fewer shifts are needed for every mile of travel. And the best part is? Prime 9 is also terribly forgiving so you won't have to constantly adjust your set-up. Available as a multi-shift (pull several gears at once) or single-shift shifter (a sound choice for e-bikes).

Personalize your shift button setup with eTap MultiClics. They deliver a positive, precise feel and allow you to securely place shifters anywhere you want them, even around curves on the bar. Flexible mounting wings also make wrapping bar tape around MultiClics simple and clean. - Allows easy control of SRAM eTap AXS, Eagle AXS, and RED eTap derailleurs and the RockShox Reverb AXS seatpost - Connects to SRAM eTap and eTap AXS shift-brake levers, SRAM eTap and eTap AXS BlipBoxes or Zipp VukaShift AXS 90 shift extensions - Made for use on drop bars or aero base bars - Limitless remote shifting positions - Mounts simply and securely with flexible wings - Easy installation of bar tape

Campagnolo's Super Record EPS Ergopower Shifter Set provides maximum smoothness during shifting thanks to the Ergopower inner mechanism, the low-friction rear derailleur, and dedicated cables and - The Ultra-Shift mechanism enables upshifting up to three gears at a time, and downshifting a full five - Unidirectional carbon fiber finish is sleek and durable - Offers additional brake lever positions for small hands - The "one lever-one action" feature assigns each lever one function to prevent shifting errors - Braking lever pivot is aligned with the slant of the Ergopower control so that more braking power is transmitted to the braking lever - The braking lever's double curve design helps to provide crisp braking in any hazardous situation - Re-designed lever hoods offer a better feel Specifications: - Front Der/Shifter Compatibility: Campy Record/Super Record EPS - Brake Lever Actuation: Short Pull - Rear Der/Shifter Compatibility: Campy Record/Super Record EPS - Adjustable Reach: Yes - Drivetrain Speeds: 12 - Weight: 280g

The Box Three shifter makes good use of nylon composites in both top and bottom shells as well as the levers. Box Three is our performance and value tier. So this shifter sheds all the fancy trappings of the top 2 tiers but maintains their shifting characteristics. All Prime 9 shifters take advantage of the 9-speed's inherent durability, simplicity, and reliability. Not only is the shifter mechanism joyfully simplified, but fewer shifts are needed for every mile of travel. And the best part is? Prime 9 is also terribly forgiving so you won't have to constantly adjust your set-up. Available as a multi-shift (pull several gears at once) or single-shift shifter (a sound choice for e-bikes).

- Electronic Controller - AXS SRAM Rocker 2 Button - Eagle AXS

SRAM's X5 shifters feature Exact Actuation 1:1 cable pull ratios for precise, dependable shifting. Crafted with lightweight aluminum, the X5s are built tough to handle all your off-road endeavors.

SRAM's 3.0 Twist Shifters are simple to use and offer solid shifting and reliable construction. Using SRAM's 1:1 actuation ratio technology, the 3.0s are easy to set up and easy to adjust. Plus, with a simple twist of the wrist, you can shift a handful of gears at once.

Marvo LT shifters are smooth, simple, and easy to use. Compatible with Shimano 9-speed mountain derailleurs. - Trigger style shifting action - Straight cable entrance and exit routing reduce setup frustration - Includes shift cables - Visible gear indicator - Compatible with Shimano 9-speed mountain system - Left shifter works for double or triple

Combining the tradition of mechanical rim brakes and the precision and efficiency of modern electronic shifting, SRAM Force eTap AXS shift-brake levers are fully wireless and fully personalizable. Classic is now new. - AXS enabled for easy personalization - Simple and intuitive eTap shift logic - Customizable fit with Reach Adjust - One port per side for Blips - Large SRAM eTap shift paddles provide positive controls for rider input - For use with mechanical rim brakes

Right hand indexed shifter with user-friendly Wide View gear indicator window. Comes in 9, 8, 7, and 6-speed versions. Features: - Shimano 9/8/7/6-speed compatible - Dual release, precise and consistent index shifting - Piston design creates short linear release movement - Wide View gear indicator - Direct Connection clamp brings levers closer to hands - Galvanize steel cable - Weight: 106 grams

For reliable mountain bike shifting, Shimano's SL-M315 RAPIDFIRE shift lever is suited to quick shifting, giving riders the ability to downshift three gears in one stroke. - Slim main lever body - OPTISLICK for smooth shifting performance - Gear display positioned below the handlebar - Numbered gear display indicates gear position at a glance - Light shifting operation, wider compatibility, and suitable for internal cable routing - Streamlined cockpit experience

SRAM's MRX Comp Twist Shifters are simple to use and offer solid shifting and reliable construction. They shift a 2:1 Shimano rear derailleur.

Imagination is the only limitation to how much the microSHIFT thumbies can do. Their small minimalistic designs are packed with precision machined mechanism that allows you to shift accurately with either index or friction mode. Go on any adventure without worries for mechanical issues. - Includes shift cables - Indexed or friction mode-convertible rear shifter

XE Marvo Xpress shifters are smooth, simple, and easy to use. Compatible with Shimano 9-speed mountain derailleurs. - Trigger-style shifting action - Straight cable entrance and exit routing reduce setup frustration - Includes shift cables - Compatible with Shimano 9-speed mountain systems - Left shifter works for double and triple

On the trail, the goal is to think about your shifting as little as possible. MicroSHIFT's Trail Trigger Pro features millimeter-perfect ergonomics to put the shift levers exactly where you want them, giving you quick thumb access without compromising your grip over rough terrain. Light lever action is paired with super positive indexing to make sure you never miss a shift. There's even an integrated silicone gripper on the lower lever to make sure thumb traction is fully optimized. - Compatible with microSHIFT ADVENT X 10-speed drivetrains only - Silicon gripper pad provides superior traction in all conditions - Internal cartridge bearings allow for light lever throw and positive actuation under load - Precise ergonomics put the shift lever where you want them

SRAM's X3 shifters feature two-lever trigger shifting performance at a great price. With Exact Actuation 1:1 cable pull ratios, these shifters deliver quick, accurate shifts.

DS85 twist shifters are classic and simple to use, and give the ability to repair a variety of flat bar bikes and freshen their looks. - Include shift cables - Requires Campagnolo cable

Of all the components that make up a mountain bike drivetrain, the shifter doesn't exactly get a lot of spotlight time. But, as the rider's literal command and control center, the GX Eagle shifter is more than worthy of recognition. With intuitive thumb actuated triggers, the positive feel gives the right rider input to make shifts crisp and discernible every time. What's more, its already legendary reliability continues for all-day epics and all-time experiences. Plus, it features an aluminum trigger that's ready for inevitable punishment, as well as MatchMakerX compatibility. Precise and durable, it's the hard-working, no-compromise shifter keeping riders in the right gear, every ride. - Aluminum trigger designed for a positive lever feel - Master GX Eagle master colorway to match all cassette and chain colors as part of Eagle Colorsystem - Matchmaker compatible

- Ergonomically Designed For Reduced Shifting Effort - Consistently Stable Shifting - Easy To Install, Compact Design And Slim Brake Lever For Lightweight - Simple, Adaptable Cockpit - 20% Lighter Rear Shifts - Includes cables and housing

- Drivetrain Speeds: 2x9 or 3x9 - Front Derailleur/Shifter Compatibility: Shimano Mountain - Shifter Style: Trigger - Includes shift cables and housing

For reliable mountain bike shifting, Shimano's ALTUS SL-M2010 RAPIDFIRE shift lever is suited to quick shifting, giving riders the ability to downshift three gears in one stroke. - Slim main lever body - OPTISLICK for smooth shifting performance - MEGA 9 LITE close ratio gearing - Gear display positioned below the handlebar - Numbered gear display indicates gear position at a glance - Light shifting operation, wider compatibility, and suitable for internal cable routing - Streamlined cockpit experience

Shimano's Rapidfire Plus Deore XT shift lever delivers light and responsive front shifting for improved control out on the trail. - Shift both up and down with a single lever - Instantaneous push and pull movements - Light and responsive front shifting improves efficiency, control, and concentration - Lightweight and compact design boosts enjoyment on and off the trail - Includes cable

SRAM's 11-speed X01 Trigger Shifter fires off shifts quickly, precisely, and most importantly, dependably. It uses SRAM's X-Actuation for sharp, consistent shifts over any terrain, in any condition. An aluminum body and lever keeps the weight down, and the adjustable clamp mount and trigger position lets you dial in the ergonomics. Plus, its compact size plays well with almost all brake levers and is MatchMaker X compatible.

- Replacement shifter/grip kits include bar sleeve, spring and index pawl

Be it the fireworks of a finale, an ideal rhythm, climbing on the top, or a deep, dark place extracting the last kilojoule of effort on your bike split, you want to adjust your gear with the twitch of a finger. eTap Blip satellite shifters allow you to shift when you want, where you want. - Limitless remote shifting positions for drop and aero bars - Wired shift buttons can be positioned however the rider prefers - Connect to Blip Box or drop bar eTap levers - Compatible with SRAM RED eTap shift/brake controls

- Shift buttons mounted to the end of a bar plug - Included wire connects to Blip Box - Fits bars with 19 - 20.5mm inside diameter

SRAM's 11-speed XX1 Grip Shift fires off shifts quickly, precisely, and most importantly, dependably. It uses SRAM's X-Actuation for sharp, consistent shifts over any terrain, in any condition. Its Rolling Thunder ball bearings have zero friction or play, letting you shift with very little effort. A carbon cover keeps the weight down, something all riders can agree on. The included locking grips offer a secure hold on your bars and makes a neat single unit. Just in case you don't like the grips, the shifter also plays well with other grips.

SRAM's XX1 Trigger Shifter gives you the fastest draw in town. And, it spares no expense with regards to weight and accuracy, thanks to a full carbon body, minimalist construction and X-Actuation. This right-side rear shifter is compatible with SRAM’s XX1 rear derailleur and cassette (sold separately). • SRAM 1x X-Actuation for precise and dependable 11-speed performance • Zero Loss engagement for fastest shifting • Multi-adjustable trigger shifter • MatchMaker X compatible • Adjustable carbon pull lever and carbon cover • Includes full Gore Ride-On cable system • Weight: 91 grams

The Box Four shifter's main features aren't strikingly different from Box Three's. The key difference is its 8-speed platform. We've chosen to modernize the 8-speed in much the same way we did the 9-speed for Prime 9. Just like the Prime 9, the Box Four shifters take advantage of the "less is more" theme and exploit durability, simplicity, and reliability. Available as a multi-shift (pull several gears at once) or single-shift shifter (a sound choice for e-bikes). -Our 8 is Enough Shifter -Lightweight Extruded Clamp -Responsive 2 Piece Pull Lever -MTB Style Release Lever (V2) Weight: 128g/4.5oz

The Box Three shifter makes good use of nylon composites in both top and bottom shells as well as the levers. Box Three is our performance and value tier. So this shifter sheds all the fancy trappings of the top 2 tiers but maintains their shifting characteristics. All Prime 9 shifters take advantage of the 9-speed's inherent durability, simplicity, and reliability. Not only is the shifter mechanism joyfully simplified, but fewer shifts are needed for every mile of travel. And the best part is? Prime 9 is also terribly forgiving so you won't have to constantly adjust your set-up. Available as a multi-shift (pull several gears at once) or single-shift shifter (a sound choice for e-bikes).

Imagination is the only limitation to how much the microSHIFT bar-end shifters can do. Their small, minimalistic designs are packed with precision machined mechanism that allows you to shift accurately with either index or friction mode. Go on any adventure without worrying about mechanical issues. - Includes stainless slick shift cables - Index/friction switchable - Shift lever and bracket built with anodized, cold-forged aluminum - 19.0 - 22.0mm clamp band

The SX Eagle Single Click Trigger Shifter ensures drivetrain durability with its single click shifter option designed for E-MTB use. - E-MTB specific Eagle shifter option limiting the pull lever to a single engagement

Built for E-MTB, the X01 Eagle Single Click shifter meets the new world of E-MTB with a control center worthy of the task. It's designed to help eliminate premature chain wear and chain breaking by limiting the pull lever to a single engagement. - E-MTB specific—limits the pull lever to a single engagement to help eliminate premature chain wear and chain breaking - Master X01 Eagle group colorway to match all cassette and chain colors as part of Eagle Colorsystem

Get sharp, dependable single-shift gear changes with the SRAM GX-e X-ACTUATION trigger shifter. Built for precise shifting across SRAM's wide range 11-speed cassette, the GX-e trigger shifter brings SRAM 1x technology to everyone. - SRAM 1x X-ACTUATION for precise and dependable - 11-speed performance - Dependable single-shift gear changes - Multi-position mounting - MatchMaker X compatible - Aluminum pull lever - Speeds: 11 - Derailleur Compatibility: 11s - Cable pull ratio: X-actuation - Cable length: 2200mm - Shifter type: Trigger - Matchmaker compatible - Clamp included - Max upshifts: 1 - Pull lever adjust: No - Multi-position: Yes - Gear indication: No

Zipp's Vuka Shift AXS 90 is more than an aero extension; it's a complete shifting system. Think of it as a supremely efficient solution to house the brains of your SRAM RED or Force eTap AXS time trial or triathlon bike. The Vuka Shift AXS 90 cleanly houses your aerobar extensions, shift-control, and head unit in one neat and clean package. This approach solves an emerging problem of the age of electronic shifting. The time for system integration is now—with this seamless solution. The extensions themselves feature the pro-proven Vuka Evo shape with a 90mm rise. The Vuka Shift AXS 90 is compatible with more than 90 percent of the integrated aerobar systems currently on the market. - AXS Integrated Aerobar shifting system - Length is trimmable, 10mm at front and 90mm at rear - Integrated Garmin/Wahoo/Bryton computer mount - Ships with SRAM Clics extension-end shifters and Blips shifting buttons for brake-lever position shifting - More than an aero extension, this is an integrated shifting system for the modern triathlon/TT bike - Cleans up your aero cockpit for simplicity and optimized aero efficiency

Compatible with most Shimano drivetrains, microSHIFT thumb tap shifters have durable bodies with ergonomic shift levers that make it easy to get bikes going again. - Include shift cables - Visible gear indicator

Get sharp, dependable X-Actuation shifting with SRAM's GX 2x11 Rear Trigger Shifter. This right-side rear shifter is compatible with SRAM’s 2x11-speed components, offering precise, swift shifting across their wide-range 11-speed cassette. • Dedicated 11-speed rear trigger shifter • Multi-position mounting • Discreet clamp • Aluminum pull lever • MatchMaker X compatible • Weight: 122 grams

- Mountain-bike shifters built into linear pull-compatible brake levers - Aluminum - Left: triple chainring; Right: 8-speed - Cables and housing included